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　　the construction of first-class undergraduate majors,deciding to implement the"six outstanding and one top-notch"plan in an all-round way and start the"20,000 plan"for the construction of first-class undergraduate majors.From 2019 to 2021,about 10,000 national first-class undergraduate specialty points and 10,000 provincial first-class undergraduate specialty points will be built.

 

　　在近2萬(wàn)個(gè)左右一流本科專(zhuān)業(yè)點(diǎn)中，化學(xué)類(lèi)148個(gè)，生物科學(xué)類(lèi)158個(gè)，環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程類(lèi)158個(gè)、食品科學(xué)與工程類(lèi)106個(gè)、儀器類(lèi)56個(gè)，藥學(xué)類(lèi)80個(gè)，中藥學(xué)類(lèi)30個(gè)、生物醫學(xué)工程類(lèi)31個(gè)。

 

　　Among the nearly 20,000 top-ranking undergraduate specialties,there are 148 chemical specialties,158 biological sciences,158 Environmental Sciences and engineering specialties,106 Food Sciences and engineering specialties,56 instrumental specialties,80 pharmaceutical specialties,30 traditional Chinese medicine specialties and 31 biomedical engineering specialties.

 

　　本次“雙萬(wàn)計劃”原則如下：面向各類(lèi)高校。在不同類(lèi)型的普通本科高校建設一流本科專(zhuān)業(yè)，鼓勵分類(lèi)發(fā)展、特色發(fā)展；面向全部專(zhuān)業(yè)。覆蓋全部92個(gè)本科專(zhuān)業(yè)類(lèi)，分年度開(kāi)展一流本科專(zhuān)業(yè)點(diǎn)建設；突出示范領(lǐng)跑。

 

　　The principle of this"20,000 plan"is as follows:facing all kinds of colleges and universities.To build first-class undergraduate majors in different types of general undergraduate colleges and universities,encourage classified development and characteristic development,and face all majors.It covers all 92 undergraduate majors and carries out the construction of first-class undergraduate majors in different years,highlighting the leading role of demonstration.

 

　　建設新工科、新醫科、新農科、新文科示范性本科專(zhuān)業(yè)，引領(lǐng)帶動(dòng)高校優(yōu)化專(zhuān)業(yè)結構、促進(jìn)專(zhuān)業(yè)建設質(zhì)量提升，推動(dòng)形成高水平人才培養體系；分“賽道”建設。中央部門(mén)所屬高校、地方高校名額分列，向地方高校傾斜；鼓勵支持高校在服務(wù)國家和區域經(jīng)濟社會(huì )發(fā)展中建設一流本科專(zhuān)業(yè)；“兩步走”實(shí)施。報送的專(zhuān)業(yè)第一步被確定為國家級一流本科專(zhuān)業(yè)建設點(diǎn)；教育部組織開(kāi)展專(zhuān)業(yè)認證，通過(guò)后再確定為國家級一流本科專(zhuān)業(yè)。

 

　　The construction of demonstration undergraduate majors in new disciplines,new medical sciences,new liberal arts will lead universities to optimize their professional structure,promote the quality of professional construction,and promote the formation of a high-level personnel training system,and be divided into"track"construction.Colleges and local universities affiliated to the central government should be allocated to local colleges and universities,and they should be encouraged to support universities in building first-class undergraduate majors in serving the country and regional economic and social development,and implement the"two-step"approach.The first step of the submitted specialty is to be identified as a national first-class undergraduate specialty construction point.The Ministry of Education organizes professional certification and then determines it as a national first-class undergraduate specialty.

 

　　近年來(lái)，國產(chǎn)儀器雖然發(fā)展較快，但低檔同質(zhì)化競爭、招投標“遭排擠”、國外隱性技術(shù)壁壘制約等因素依然使當前國產(chǎn)儀器處境尷尬。

 

　　In recent years,although domestic instruments have developed rapidly,the low-grade homogeneous competition,the"crowding out"of bidding and invisible technical barriers abroad still make the current situation of domestic instruments awkward.

 

　　長(cháng)期以來(lái)，進(jìn)口儀器一直占據我國主要市場(chǎng)，分布在國家級、省級、地市級實(shí)驗室，以及高校和相關(guān)企業(yè)中。業(yè)內人士表示，近年來(lái)，國產(chǎn)儀器與進(jìn)口儀器之間一直處于貿易逆差狀態(tài)。

 

　　For a long time,imported instruments have occupied the main market in China,distributed in national,provincial,prefectural and municipal laboratories,as well as universities and related enterprises.Industry insiders said that in recent years,there has been a trade deficit between domestic and imported instruments.

 

　　此次，教育部啟動(dòng)一流本科專(zhuān)業(yè)建設“雙萬(wàn)計劃”，建設56個(gè)國家級儀器專(zhuān)業(yè)，無(wú)疑為國產(chǎn)儀器發(fā)展注入了一劑“強心劑”。通過(guò)設立儀器專(zhuān)業(yè)，將為我國培養更多的儀器專(zhuān)業(yè)人才，推動(dòng)國產(chǎn)儀器向高端高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。Recently,the Ministry of Education issued a circular on the implementation of the"20,000 plan"for

 

　　This time,the Ministry of Education launched the"20,000 plan"for the construction of first-class undergraduate majors and 56 national-level instrument majors,which undoubtedly injected a"strong heart"into the development of domestic instruments.Through the establishment of instrument specialty,more instrument professionals will be trained in China,and the development of domestic instruments to high-end and high-quality will be promoted.